On November 29, 1864, Chiefs Black Kettle, White Antelope, Left Hand, and others were encamped with around 750 Arapaho and Cheyenne people in a valley by the Big Sandy Creek in Colorado Territory (what is now southeastern Colorado). A hope for peace, brought forth by Chief Black Kettle, was in the balance. In the end, it was a tragic day—a massacre of approximately 240 Arapaho and Cheyenne Plains Native Americans (mostly children, women, and the elderly) at their camp by members of the Union Army under the command of Col. John Chivington and elements of Colorado infantry and cavalry volunteers. (More)